George Orwell "Down and Out in Paris and London" (Penguin Modern Classics)

George Orwell writes an autobiographical yet fictionalized account of living in poverty in two great European cities. One gets the sense that Orwell is looking at the situation as an outsider, someone who knows he will not always live in poverty, yet its not false in that he really is living in poverty at the time. Much of the book describes survival techniques trying to scrape together a life on a low rung of Paris’ hotel caste system and later tramping about London’s suburbs to keep a step ahead of the ridiculous vagrancy laws. Through all this his keen mind works making discoveries and proposing solutions to the problems that plague millions throughout their lives.
“It is altogether curious, your first contact with poverty. You have thought so much about poverty – it is the thing you feared all your life, the thing you knew would happen sooner or later; and it is all so utterly and prosaically different. You thought it would be quite simple; it is extraordinarily complicated. You thought it would be terrible; it is merely squalid and boring. It is the peculiar lowness of poverty that you discover first; the shifts that it puts you to, the complicated meanness, the crust-wiping.” (p. 17)
“It does not matter whether his work is needed or not, he must work, because work in itself is good – for slaves, at least. This sentiment still survives, and it has piled up mountains of useless drudgery. I believe that the instinct to perpetuate useless work is, at bottom, simply fear of the mob. The mob (the thought runs) are such low animals that they would be dangerous if they had leisure; it is safer to keep them too busy to think.” (p. 119)
“Why are beggars despised? – for they are despised, universally. I believe it is for the simple reason that they fail to earn a decent living. In practice nobody cares whether work is useful or useless, productive or parasitic; the sole thin demanded is that it shall be profitable … Money has become the grand test of virtue. By this test, beggars fail, and for this they are despised … A beggar, looked at realistically, is simply a business man, getting his living, like other business men, in the way that comes to hand. He has not, more than most modern people, sold his honour; he has merely made the mistake of choosing a trade at which it is impossible to grow rich.” (p. 174)
“Of its very nature swearing is irrational as magic – indeed, it is a species of magic. But there is also a paradox about it, namely this: Our intention in swearing is to shock and wound, which we do by mentioning something that should be kept secret … But the strange thing is that when a word is well established as a swear word, it seems to list its original meaning; that is, it loses the thing that made it a swear word. A word becomes an oath because it means a certain thing, and, because it has become an oath, it ceases to mean that thing.” (p. 177)
“It is curious how people take it for granted that they have a right to preach at you and pray over you as soon as your income falls below a certain level.” (p. 181).
For eaxmple, we in London we learn about the life of tramps (homeless people who must stay on the move if they don’t want to end up in jail). We see great misery and depression of people barely able to find enough food to keep themselves alive but we also see people who are trying to make the best life for themselves that the circumstances allow. Even more important we see them as individual people with the same kind of attributes of goodness and evil that we all have. I will never view a homeless person the same way again—they are each individuals as we all are. Orwell developed a fondness for many of them which he transfers to us and although he had a “safety net” as much as possible he tried to experience the same experiences of the truly down and out.
A fascinating read.